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What are the performance characteristics of the universal material testing machine?

Ⅰ. The common universal material testing machine types


Currently on the market common universal material testing machine mainly has two series, four types:


1, hydraulic series: manual hydraulic universal material testing machine, electro-hydraulic servo hydraulic universal material testing machine.


2, electronic universal series: conventional electronic universal material testing machine, high-performance electronic universal material testing machine


They have different performance, advantages and disadvantages coexist, each has its own user groups.


Electronic universal testing machine, widely used in a variety of metals, non-metals, composite materials, medicine, food, wood, copper, aluminum

Material, plastic profiles, wire and cable, paper, film, rubber, textiles, aerospace and other industries to test the tensile performance indicators, while the user can provide a variety of domestic and international standards customized test data processing software and test aids. Digital display electronic universal testing machine is suitable for users who are only seeking force value tensile strength compressive strength and other related data. If the demand for more complex Mixed parameters, microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine is your better choice.


Hydraulic universal testing machine is mainly used for metal, non-metallic materials and parts, components, members of the tensile, compression, bending and other mechanical performance test. hydraulic universal testing machine is industrial, mining enterprises, construction materials, quality inspection centers, water conservancy and hydropower, bridge engineering, scientific research institutes, universities and colleges of mechanics laboratory ideal test equipment. Manual control of the hydraulic universal testing machine, the price is cheap, industrial and mining enterprises of finished products inspection, single material index test. 


The electro-hydraulic servo universal material testing machine, is suitable for higher requirements of steel, building materials testing class laboratory.


II. Performance Features


1、Hydraulic series

1) Manual hydraulic universal material testing machine


Manual hydraulic universal material testing machine mainly adopts simple high-pressure oil source as the power source, manual adjustment valve as the control element, and manual loading components, and manual loading, therefore, it belongs to the open-loop control system. Due to the flow of oil source and the structure of the mainframe limitations, its cylinder piston stroke is small, common generally in about 300mm, its test speed is generally small. Affected by price factor, the force measuring sensor generally uses pressure sensor (large tonnage basically uses pressure sensor). as a result, the

The accuracy is low, the range is small, the general accuracy is 1 or 2, the range is generally 4%-100% F.S. Affected by cylinder friction, the tonnage is - generally very difficult to do very small, the smallest domestic 5T. But because of its unique low price and large tonnage characteristics.

At present, in the finished product inspection, single material index testing is still in large use.


2) Electro-hydraulic servo class universal material testing machine


It mainly uses a precision high-pressure oil source as the power source, the use of servo valves or proportional valves as the control element for closed-loop automatic control, so the control performance is high, generally can achieve load, strain, displacement three control modes.

Therefore, the control performance is higher, generally can achieve load, strain, displacement three control modes. As with the manual hydraulic universal material testing machine - the same, by the oil source flow restrictions, his test speed is low. Due to the use of closed-loop automatic control, the system stiffness becomes the key to the normal operation of the entire system. As we all know, the stiffness of the liquid is relatively low, in order to minimize the impact of the liquid on the rigidity of the machine, the general electro-hydraulic servo testing machine stroke are not very large, also affected by the rigidity of the machine, electro-hydraulic servo class testing machine tonnage are not possible to do very small, basically in a ton or more. But because it has a variety of control modes, and thus has the use of flexible, high performance characteristics.


2、Electronic universal series

1) Conventional electronic universal class material testing machine


Conventional electronic universal mainly adopts servo motor as the power source, screw, filament as the execution parts, to achieve the speed control of the tester moving beam.

The speed control of the moving beam, its test speed range can be adjusted, the conventional test speed is

With the development of electronic technology and the improvement of the performance of servo motor, the motor used in the electronic universal testing machine has changed from 0.01mm/ min to 500mm/ min.


Electronic universal motor used from the early DC servo motor to the current more use of AC servo motor, from the early power components selected thyristor for phase shift trigger control to today's use of a variety of power modules to achieve pulse width modulation control, electronic


The performance of the electronic universal has a qualitative leap, people's mind of the electronic universal failure rate is high, the poor performance of the situation no longer exists. As a result of the conventional electronic universal speed control, and thus the requirements of the system stiffness is not high, so as to create favorable conditions for the realization of small tonnage testing machine. From the current use at home and abroad, one ton or less testing machine is basically a conventional electronic electronic universal class testing machine. It is the most widely used and has the highest cost performance.


2) High performance electronic universal testing machine


High-performance electronic universal testing machine and the conventional electronic universal testing machine, it also uses servo motor as the power

source, screw, filament as the implementation of parts, it is different from the conventional electronic universal testing machine is its control method can be load


It is different from the conventional electronic universal testing machine is that its control method can be load control, strain control or displacement control. In addition to the speed of the conventional electronic universal, large stroke characteristics, but also it has all the advantages of electro-hydraulic servo type testing machine, so it is the best performance of the universal material testing machine. Of course, this type of tester also has its disadvantages. Because of the load, strain, displacement three control modes, so the stability of the machine and the system has a direct relationship between the stiffness, and the specimen stiffness directly affect the stiffness of the system. So when there are more kinds of specimens for the test, the stiffness of the whole machine will vary greatly. This makes it difficult to ensure that all the tests can be carried out properly. In order to meet all the tests can be carried out properly, it is necessary to adjust the parameters of the control system (P, I, D parameters) at any time, which is difficult for people who are not specialized in automatic control, so that the advantages of this type of testing machine can not be fully exploited. The price of this type of testing machine is relatively high.